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Cardioid microphones are typically used with an included angle of 80 to 120
degrees. The Cardioid pickup pattern is wider than the hypercardioid and has
no rear lobe ,therefore, it has maximum rejection at 180 degrees. It is best
suited to better acoustic environments than the hypercardioid due to the
larger "area of space" it pickups. When used in poor acoustic settings
the direct to reverberant sound ratio suffers.
It is common to aim the axis
of the microphone at the outside edges of the sound source to minimize this
effect. The use of Hypercardioids would yield better results as the larger
included angle offers a more natural sense of space. When the included angle
of a pair of cardioid microphones drops below 80 degrees the mono summing
of the information common to both collapses the soundstage. The cardioid
mic pair also produces a more "distant" perspective than the hypercardioid.
When used outdoors the cardioid is clearly superior to the hypercardioid.
They have a more open, natural sound with a better sense of depth than the
hypercardioid. In the outdoor setting, we are not as concerned with reflected
sound as there are far fewer of these in a minimal structure. The sub-cardioid
pickup pattern, which is even wider in its off axis response, is the best
choice in a directional microphone for outdoor use.
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